Philippine Customs History Essay

Historical records show that the Filipino usage wait on started many centuries back long before the Philippines was discovered by the easterly and western expeditionaries. The Philippines had already a flourishing trade with countries of Southeast Asia, that since money at that time was not yet the medium of exchange, great deal then resorted to the barter system of commodities. The rulers of the barangays were cognize as the datus or rajahs serene tributes from the people before they were all(a) toldowed to engage in their trade.The practice of collecting tributes became conk out of their culture and was then observed and followed as the custom natural law of the Land.The Spanish RegimeAfter Spain had taken full withstand of almost all the trades of the country, it passed three important statutes 1.Spanish usage Law which was similar to that of the Indies enforced in the country from 1582 to 1828. It was a concept of ad valorem levied on import and export. 2.A tax Board was effected which drew up a responsibility of unconquerable values for all imported articles on which ten percent (10%) ad valorem duty was uniformly collected. 3.Another responsibility Law was introduced in 1891, which established the special(prenominal) duties on all imports and on certain exports and this lasted till the end of the Spanish rule in the Philippines.The American RegimeWhen the Americans came to the Philippines, the Military Government act to enforce the Spanish responsibility edict of 1891, which remained in effect until the Philippine centering enacted the obligation Revision Law of 1901. On October 24, 1900, the Philippine perpetration passed Act none 33 abolishing and changing the range of Captain of the behavior to accumulator of Customs in all ports of entry besides the manner of Manila. The designation of the Captain of the user interface in the bearing of Manila was retained. When the civil Government was established in the Philippines, t he most important laws passed by the Philippine Commission were the following 1.Tariff Revision Law of 1902 based on the possible action that the laws of Spain were not as comprehensive as the American Customs Laws to conform with the existing conditions of the country.2.Philippine administrative Act no. 355 passed by the Philippine Commission on February 6, 1902. The full implementation of this Act, however, was considered inadequate and incomplete, so the Customs serving Act No. 355, called the Philippine Customs benefit Act was passed to quicken the previous laws. After several modifications and amendments, the Philippine Customs Service eventually became a practical counterpart of the American Customs Service. 3.Act No. 357 reorganize the Philippine Customs Service and officially designated the Insular accumulator register of Customs as Collector of Customs for the Port of Manila.4.Act No. 625 abolished the Captain of the Port for the Port of Manila. 5.Public Act No. 43 0 transformed the Philippine Customs Service to a federal agency of Customs and Immigration downstairs the supervision and control of the Department of Finance and Justice. When the Department of Justice became a separate mapping from the Department of Finance, te Customs Service remained low the umbrella of the latter(prenominal) which set-up remained up to this time.The Commonwealth GovernmentAfter the Commonwealth Government was established in the country, the Philippine Legislature enacted Commonwealth Act No. 613 forming the role of Immigration as a separate office from the authorisation of Customs. On May 1, 1947, the Bureau of Customs has as its head the Insular Collector of Customs. He was assisted by the Deputy Insular Collector of Customs. two officials were concurrently Collector of Customs and the Deputy Collector of Customs of the Port of Manila. The commonwealth Pursuant to the decision maker assign No. 94 of commonwealth Act No. 52, the President of the Phi lippines shake up the different departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the government of the res publica of the Philippines. Consequently, the Insular Collector of Customs was changed to Collector of Customs for the Port of Manila.The shake-up took effect on July 1, 1947. In 1957, Congress enacted the Tariff and Customs figure of the Philippines known as Republic Act No. 1937, otherwise known as the Tariff Law of the Republic of the Philippines. This took effect on July 1, 1957. The course of this act by the inoperative Congress of the Philippines subject to the provisions of the Laurel-Langley intellect, became the first gear official expression of an independent Philippine Tariff Policy. Before the musical passage of Republic Act 1937, all importations from the United States enjoyed full exemptions pursuant to the Tariff Act No. 1902 which was take by Republic Act No. 3 as the Tariff Laws of the Philippines.The RepublicPursuant to the executive Order No. 94 of Re public Act No. 52, the President of the Philippines shake up the different departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the government of the Republic of the Philippines. Consequently, the Insular Collector of Customs was changed to Collector of Customs for the Port of Manila. The reorganisation took effect on July 1, 1947. I n 1957, Congress enacted the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines known as Republic Act No. 1937, otherwise known as the Tariff Law of the Republic of the Philippines. This took effect on July 1, 1957. The passage of this act by the defunct Congress of the Philippines subject to the provisions of the Laurel-Langley Agreement, became the first official expression of an autonomous Philippine Tariff Policy. Before the passage of Republic Act 1937, all importations from the United States enjoyed full exemptions pursuant to the Tariff Act No. 1902 which was adopted by Republic Act No. 3 as the Tariff Laws of the Philippines.The Reorganization of the Bureau of CustomsOn February 4, 1965, the Bureau of Customs was reorganized pursuant to Customs Administrative Order No. 4-65 by indorsement if Sec. 550 & 551 of the Revised Administrative Code of Republic Act 4164. During the shakeup, offices chthonian the organize supervision and control of the Commissioner were elevated to Department Level with regularises higher than stratum Level. These Departments were the following Public Relations, Personnel, Legal, Administrative Service, Budget and Finance, and the Management Improvement. Likewise, three (3) rank Customs positions were created, namely Assistant Commissioner for Revenue, Assistant Commissioner for Security, and Director for Operations. Later, Customs Administrative Order No. 4065 was amended abolishing the position of Assistant Commissioner for Security and creating the position of Director for Administration. In 1972, Congress passed the law revising the Tariff & Customs Code of the Philippines.However, before it can be impl emented, the President of the Republic of the Philippines issued contract No. 1081 on September 21, 1972 declaring Martial Law in the country. On October 27, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed presidential Decree No. 34 amending the Tariff & Customs Code of the Philippines. The new Code took effect on November 26, 1972 except for Section 104 thereof which became effective only on January 1, 1973. Another reorganization of the Bureau of Customs took effect on September 24, 1972, pursuant to presidential Decree No. 1 creating six (6) Customs Services down the stairs the might of the Commissioner and creating jurisdictional limits of twelve (12) collection districts with the Principal Ports and Sub-ports of entry under the supervision and control of the Collector of the Principal Port of Entry.As a end of this reorganization, the designation of heads of different services was called Customs Service Chiefs, and heads of offices with rank of division were designated Customs O perations Chiefs and the Head of the National Customs patrol as Director. It was in this reorganizational set-up that the Directors for Administration and Operations, and the Assistant Commissioner for Revenue were abolished. In 1975, the Bureau undertook another reorganization under Presidential Decree No. 689 and the result is what you see now in the Organization Chart, except for some beautiful changes and modifications. On June 11, 1978, the Tariff & Customs Code was further amended, modified and supplemented by new positions to make it a responsive code in charge with the developmental schedules of the New Society.The new Code was embodied in Presidential Decree No. 1464. With the accession of the Philippines to the Customs Co-Operation Council (CCC), the Tariff & Customs Code has to be revised anew in order to align our tariff system with the CCC Nomenclature, and the result is the presently enforced Tariff & Customs Code of 1982, revised by virtue of Executive Order No. 6 88. This new Code also assimilated various amendments to the Customs Code under P.D. 1628 & 1980 as well as reprints of the tariff concessions under the General Agreement on Tariff Multilateral Agreement Negotiations as provided in Executive Order No. 578, series of 1980, and the tariff concessions granted to ASEAN member countries as embodied in various Executive Orders from 1978 to 1981.The last major reorganization of the Bureau took place in 1986 after the EDSA Revolution with the issuance of Executive Order No. 127 which expanded the organization umbrella of the Central Office by providing offices that will monitor and coordinate assessment and operations of the Bureau and provided for a staff of about 5,500 customs personnel. The implementation of the computerization program also necessitated the creation of a new pigeonholing to ensure its uninterrupted development and progress. The creation of the Management Information System and Technology Group (MISTG) under a new Deput y Commissioner with 92 positions was authorized under Executive Order No. 463 dated January 9, 1998.