Name of student Essay Example for Free

Name of student Essay The siblings Rosa and Enrique cannot be strictly called emigrants or refugees because of the rather peculiar nature of their emigration. They are emigrants because they wish to have a better life far away from their village where they were peasant farmers. They possibly may be called refugees because they had to leave their village to spare their lives. For the sake of proper designation by the authorities, they could be called refugees as they are more that than just emigrants. . Their journey to the north was fraught with difficulties at every turn. At first they met with a coyote Jaime, who appeared to be kind to them and actually took them across the border only to try to rob them when he thought their guard was down. They were apprehended by the border authorities and were sent back to Tijuana where they failed to convince authorities that they were Mexicans. On getting to Tijuana, they had no source of income and Rosa had to resort to stealing in order to feed herself. Eventually they met the coyote who was able to take them to the US, they had to sell their mothers chain which probably was the last thing they had to remind them of her and symbolically they parted with the last thing that linked them with their village. To get to the US, they had to go through a sewer pipe that was rat infested in almost total darkness for hours on end that was a horrible experience. It was not all bad anyway, not long after they left their village they tried to stow inside a truck, and the friendly driver asked them to join him in front on the drive to Oaxaca. Besides, he gave them a crash course for being Mexicans or at least coming of as ones. That proved to be a very valuable lesson later on. They met one person who helped them to rent out an apartment when they got to California, and the same person presented Enrique a job offer in Chicago. At the same time, Rosa met a nice lady Nacha who helped her by giving advice and the basic notions about the life in the US as an undocumented immigrant. In order not to have great problems they began taking English classes and proved to be good students, they were hard orking and did not expect that anything could happen to them. This movie evokes sympathetic feelings to undocumented emigrants, having been given a behind the scenes look into their stories. Granted that all of them might not have such dramatic stories in their lives, it is worth noting that in spite of the legality or otherwise of their status under it all, they are just regular people with hopes dreams and aspirations who just purs ue a better life or who are actually running away from a real imminent threat to their lives. And this situation they find themselves in puts them in a very vulnerable state where they can be exploited and victimized by people who have real or imagined issues with their stay in the US. Watching this movie has softened my opinion of immigrants. They may not have the correct documentation, but they deserve a chance to improve their lives.

Argentina, Soccer, and Racism :: American History

Argentina, Soccer, and Racism Soccer in Argentina, is an important way of life, for most young people, it is the only way of life. Children would clear pastures (fields) of rocks, and mark the goals off with stones. The people were so poor that there was no ball, they used women's stockings all wrapped up together. From a very young age the children were taught to play for the love of the game, nothing else. For these young children, Argentine soccer was a way of life, not just a sport, it defined who these people were. More than 85% of the people that live in Argentina are of white European decent. 15% are a mix between European and Indigenous people, better know as 'Mestizos.' During the colonial period Argentina consisted of a large black population, but as the 19th century came about the population dwindled to a few thousand. The reason for this decline in the black population was due to many things: There were many wars which mostly blacks participated in, racially missed marriages took place, because there was a shortage of black men, disease and also the slave trade. "Overall, however, the substantially reduced numbers of Afro-Argentines — by some accounts the population totals only a few thousand — have enabled Argentina to deny the historic relevance of blacks and portray theirs as a white nation free of racism. An article appearing in The Montreal Gazette in 1998 quotes a Buenos Aires museum director's response to the possibility of an Afro-Argentine exhibit: "We hav e too many important events and personalities to show. We can't waste space putting things that don't have any relevance to our history." The country's self-image coexists with continued manifestations of racism. The same article explains that when the Argentine soccer team was to play either the Brazilian or Nigerian team in the Olympic finals, a sports newspaper ran the headline, "Bring on the Monkeys," eliciting protests from the governments of both potential opponents. As of the late 1990s efforts by scholars like Andrews, Goldberg, Chace, and others seek to confront such persistent racism and ensure that the historic significance of Afro-Argentines is not forgotten."(Roanne Edwards) Soccer is one of the largest sports in the world, and grosses $250 billion dollars a year. The organization know as FIFA, promotes the "shared common values that transcend culture, social division and racial differences.

A. Philip Randolph

As Phillip Randolph was not only an enormously Influential mover and shaker In the Civil Rights Movement In America from the sass's throughout the sass's. His influence went way beyond this period and affected millions within in his lifetime. He was born to Reverend James Williams Randolph who instilled in him the reality that a person's deeds and actions, instead of their race, were what made a man who he was. His mother was a seamstress who taught him that education and self- defense, If necessary were the most important aspects a growing upstanding young an should focus on.In 1907, he graduated from the Conman Institute in East Jacksonville as Valedictorian of his class. W. E. B. Dubbing's persuasive book The Souls of Black Folk became instrumental in directing his life's course. It inspired Randolph to move to New York in 1911, making racial equality amongst all men his most important task to tackle in his lifetime. And he did a mighty fine Job at that. He was married in 1914 to a widow by the name of Mrs.. Lucille Green, a Howard university Graduate and entrepreneur, who shared his political views and earned enough money on her own to support them both.That left much time for him to fight the good fight. They married and joined the Socialist Party where Randolph began amassing large crowds at Harem's Soapbox Corner, speaking about Socialism and the importance of environmental conscientiousness surrounding all races during those times. In 1917, Randolph met a man by the name of Chandler Owen. Other than the meeting of his wife, this was probably the most important cosmic collision of forces amongst two beings during this time period of union university in 1913. He then moved to NYC in 1915.That's where this striking attach-up began, between Randolph and Chandler. They were both Socialists and in August 1917, they established the journal the â€Å"Messenger together. It was a mixture of trade union news, political commentary, biographies of the leading radi cals of the time and literary criticisms. The messenger closed In 1928, At that time Owen moved to Chicago and even though he was still a member of the socialist party he became much more conservative with age. But he continued his support of Randolph in his efforts to organize black workers.In 1929, Randolph became president of the Brotherhood of he Sleeping Car Porters (BPCS), which he victoriously built into the first successful black-trade union. The friendship between Owen and Randolph was a profound and ground-breaking one that continued until the end of their lives. In 1925, a group of Pullman Porters approached Randolph and asked him to lead their new organization called the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BPCS). His primary qualification, as well as his reputation for incorruptibility and the fact that he wasn't an employee who meant the company could not fire him or scare him off.He led them for the next ten years, organizing them to the point, which resulted in the c ertification of the (BPCS) as the exclusive bargaining agent of the Porters in 1935. Randolph called this exclusive bargaining agent deal â€Å"the first victory of Negro workers over a great Insularly corporation†. He Decade ten most widely Known spokesperson for black working class interests in the country. Six years later, President Franklin Roosevelt refused to issue an executive order banning discrimination against black workers in the defense industry.So Randolph allied for â€Å"10,000 loyal Negro American citizens† to march on Washington D. C. In protest of this. Support grew so quickly that soon he was began calling for 100,000 marchers to converge on the capital. Pressed by Randolph actions, President Roosevelt issued an executive order on June 25, 1941 – six days before the march was to occur declaring â€Å"there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color or national orig in. † Roosevelt also set up the Fair Employment Practices Commission to oversee the order.Six years later there was the passage of the Selective Service Act of 1947, Randolph demanded that the government integrate the armed forces Randolph founded The League of Non-violent Civil Obedience Military Segregation and urged young men of all races to â€Å"refuse to cooperate with a Jim Crow conscription service. † Threatened with widespread civil unrest, disobedience, and needing the black vote in his 1948 re-election campaign. Because of this President Harry Truman on July 26, 1948 ordered an end to military discrimination â€Å"as quickly as possible†.

Who Invented the Steam Engine

The discovery that steam could be harnessed and made to work is not credited to James Watt (1736–1819) since steam engines used to pump water out of mines in England existed when Watt was born. We do not know exactly who made that discovery, but we do know that the ancient Greeks had crude steam engines. Watt, however, is credited with inventing the first practical engine. And so the history of the modern steam engine often begins with him. James Watt We can imagine a young  Watt sitting by the fireplace in his mothers cottage and intently watching the steam rising from the boiling tea kettle, the beginning of a lifelong fascination with steam. In 1763, when he was twenty-eight and working as a mathematical-instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, a model of Thomas Newcomens (1663–1729) steam pumping engine was brought into his shop for repairs. Watt had always been interested in mechanical and scientific instruments, particularly those which dealt with steam. The Newcomen engine must have thrilled him. Watt set up the model and watched it in operation. He noted how the alternate heating and cooling of its cylinder wasted power. He concluded, after weeks of experimenting, that in order to make the engine practical, the cylinder had to be kept as hot as the steam which entered it. Yet in order to condense steam, there had some cooling taking place. That was a challenge the inventor faced. The Invention of the Separate Condenser Watt came up with the idea of the separate condenser. In his journal, the inventor wrote that the idea came to him on a Sunday afternoon in 1765 as he walked across the Glasgow Green. If the steam was condensed in a separate vessel from the cylinder, it would be quite possible to keep the condensing vessel cool and the cylinder hot at the same time. The next morning, Watt built a prototype and found that it worked. He added other improvements and built his now-famous steam engine. Partnership with Matthew Boulton After one or two disastrous business experiences, James Watt associated himself with Matthew Boulton, a venture capitalist, and owner of the Soho Engineering Works. The firm of Boulton and Watt became famous and Watt lived until August 19, 1819, long enough to see his steam engine become the greatest single factor in the upcoming new industrial era. Rivals Boulton and  Watt, however, though they were pioneers, were not the only ones working on the development of the steam engine. They had rivals. One was Richard Trevithick (1771–1833) in England, who successfully tested a steam locomotive engine. Another was Oliver Evans (1775–1819) of Philadelphia, inventor of the first stationary high-pressure steam engine. Their independent inventions of high-pressure engines were in contrast to Watts steam engine, in which the steam entered the cylinder at only slightly more than atmospheric pressure. Watt clung tenaciously to the low-pressure theory of engines all of his life. Boulton and Watt, worried by Richard Trevithicks experiments in high-pressure engines, tried to have the British Parliament passed an act forbidding high pressure on the grounds that the public would be endangered by high-pressure engines exploding. Ironically, Watts tenacious attachment to his 1769 patent, which did delay the full development of high-pressure technology, inspired Trevithicks innovative technology to work around the patent and thus hasten his eventual success. Sources Selgin, George, and John L. Turner. Strong Steam, Weak Patents, or the Myth of Watts Innovation-Blocking Monopoly, Exploded. The Journal of Law Economics 54.4 (2011): 841-61. Print.Spear, Brian. James Watt: The Steam Engine and the Commercialization of Patents. World Patent Information 30.1 (2008): 53-58. Print.